|
The 1383-1385 crisis or "Portuguese Interregnum" was a time of civil war in Portuguese history when no crowned king reigned. It began when King Ferdinand I of Portugal died without male heirs, and ended when King John I was crowned in 1385, after the Battle of Aljubarrota. Portuguese interpret this era as their earliest national resistance movement countering Castilian intervention; Robert Durand considers it the "great revealer of national consciousness".〔Robert Durand, in ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages'' (Routledge, 2000), ''s.v.'' "Portugal", p 1173; see also Armíndo de Sousa, "Portugal" in ''The New Cambridge Medieval History'' 2004, vol. II p. 629.〕 Burgesses and nobles worked together to establish the Aviz dynasty (a branch of the Portuguese House of Burgundy) securely on an independent throne, unlike the lengthy civil wars in France known as the Hundred Years' War, and England as the War of the Roses, where aristocratic factions fought powerfully against a centralised monarchy. ==Prelude== In 1383, King Ferdinand I of Portugal was dying. From his marriage to Leonor Telles de Menezes only a girl, Princess Beatrice of Portugal, survived. Her marriage was the major political issue of the day, since it would determine the future of the kingdom. Several political factions lobbied for possible husbands, which included English and French princes. Finally, the king settled for his wife's first choice, King John I of Castile. Ferdinand had waged three wars against Castile during his reign, and the marriage, celebrated in May 1383, was intended to put an end to hostilities by a union of the two crowns; however, this was not a widely accepted solution. This dynastic union meant that Portugal would lose independence to Castile; many nobles were fiercely opposed to this possibility, but they were not united under a common pretender to the crown. The two candidates, both illegitimate half-brothers of Ferdinand, were: * John, son of Peter I of Portugal and Inês de Castro, at the time living in Castile * John, Great Master of Aviz, another natural son of Peter I, very popular among the Portuguese middle class and traditional aristocracy On October 22, King Ferdinand died. According to the marriage contract, Dowager Queen Leonor assumed regency in the name of her daughter Beatrice and son-in-law, John I of Castile. Since diplomatic opposition was no longer possible, the party for independence took more drastic measures, starting the 1383–1385 crisis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1383–85 Crisis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|